An Introduction to Non-Standard Analysis and its Applications

نویسنده

  • Kevin O’Neill
چکیده

When Newton and Leibnitz practiced calculus, they used infinitesimals, which were supposed to be like real numbers, yet of smaller magnitude than any other type of postive real number. In the 19th century, mathematicians realized they could not justify the use of infinitesimals according to their sense of rigor, so they began using definitions involving ’s and δ’s. Then, in the early 1960’s, the logician Abraham Robinson figured out a way to rigorously define infinitesimals, creating a subject now known as nonstandard analysis.

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تاریخ انتشار 2014